Fine identification of cherry genotypes is essential and useful for breeding programs and germplasm preservation especially in fruit trees. RAPD is one of the extremely used techniques for germplasm DNA fingerprinting. In this study, genomic DNA of ten Iranian and two foreign cherry cultivars were analyzed using twenty-five RAPD primers.Only 14 of primers revealed polymorphic patterns between the cultivars and about 50 polymorphic bands were amplified. The primer UBC138 revealed highest polymorphic loci, but genetic index ofUBC7 (0.82) was more than the others. The genetic distance among cultivars was estimated based on Nei distance index and cluster analysis using UPGMA method.The genetic distance values ranged from 0.32 to 0.88. The lowest distance obtained was found between the cultivars 4 and 10 and the highest distance obtained between the cultivars 1 and 6. The cultivars are discriminated using 12 RAPDs. The cultivars 1,2,3,5 and 6 could be identified using five unique markers and the rest of cultivars should be discriminated with combination of two markers.

Mycobacterium bovis in comparision to other members of Mycobacterium tuberclusis complex has largest host capacity. In veterinary medicine tuberculination and killing the positive reactors remains one of the most acceptable strategy in control of bovine tuberclusis in bovids. RAZI Institute(RVSRI) is the exclusive national supplier of tuberculin from since 1940 until now in IRAN anf since 2004 until now that bovine tuberculin supersending mammalian tuberculin for diagnosis bovine tuberclusis, Mycobacterium bovis AN5 strain superseding Mycobacterium toberclusis strains for production bovine tuberculin.In result of consecutive and compulsory subcultures of the strain for produce this product genetic stability of this exotic strain, the sub_culture’s of this strain has experienced to ensure from non_exictence genetic variation. To determine<this investigation is for consideration genetic variation in consecutive sub_cultures of Mycobacterium bovis AN5 strain.At first, for proving be Mycobacterium bovis, our strain in this consideration, one piece of likeness gen oxyR in length 548 bp considered in this research, nucleotide of 285 of this piece in genom of Mycobacterium bovis has adenine but in all of the members of Mycobacterium tuberclusis has guanine and couse to disappear a part of revenue Alu I enzyme. So, in this piece on Mycobacterium bovis is 4 cut’s part and in other members of Mycobacterium tuberclusis complex is 3 cut’s part for this enzyme. In AN5 strain, the piece of likeness gen oxyR multiply with PCR technique then cut with AluI enzyme and considered cut’s pattern. Then In order to ensure that the currently available M. bovis AN5 strain at the institute has not experienced major genetic events, five consecutive fresh sub-cultures of the strain on plain Lowenstein-Jensen (L J) and pyruvate-supplemented L J culture media were subjected to bacterial DNA extraction. These DNA templates were subsequently digested by PvuII and genotyped by PGRS-RFLP and DR-RFLP. Result of first consider with likeness gen oxyR and anzymatic digestion with AluI show that our template is mycobacterium bovis. In consider of subcultures, result of enzymatic digestion with PvuII and AluI and hybridation with DR probe, both of them shown presence of three DR’S region in all of considerable subcultures that 3 bands of enzymatic digestion with AluI and hybridation with DR probes in all of considerable subcultures was downer from 2027bp and 3 bands of enzymatic digestion with PvuII and hybridation with DR probes in all of considerable subcultures were middle of 4371bp and 2322bp and a band was in downer of 2027bp. In consider the result of enzymatic digestion with AluI and PvuII and hybrydation with PGRS probe, observation many bands that number of bands and molecular sizes in all of subcultures were identical and no difference obtained.Scrutinizing, an identical in molecular size and the number of bands in patterns obtained with DR&PGRS_RFLP technique, show non_exictence genetic variation in 5 subcultures of this strain on plain Lowenstein_jensen and pyruvate.

Introduction: Cryptosporidium is an Apicomplexa parasite that infects humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. However, the sub-genotypes of the species infecting animals in Iran are unclear. The aim of the present study isto identify DNA fingerprinting of bovine Cryptosporidium in Qazvin province using sequences of GP60 gene.Materials and Methods: In this study we investigated 25 C. parvum isolated form bovine in Qazvin animal husbandries. Subgenotypes were determined by DNA sequencing of 60-kDa glycoprotein gene.Results: Using DNA sequencing of GP60 gene, two subtype families within the C. parvum included IId (15/22) and IIa (7/22) were recognized. Also three subtypes in these two subtype families included IIa A15G2R1 (22/25), IIa A16G3R (1/25), IId A15G1 (2/25) were determined.Conclusion: Today, new zoonose strains are identified which based on severity of infection compared with human strains are more sever and the source and transmission of their infection are unclear.Therefore, determination of C .parvum strains, genotypes and sub-genotypes for epidemiological studies are quite necessary specially to identify the animal sources and to improve the control and prevention programs due to the lake of effective drugs for this infection.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important AIDS associated infectious diseases worldwide. It is a leading cause of illness and death among people with HIV/AIDS in resource-poor areas of the world. The annual incidence of TB among indigenous Iranians stands at 14 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This study aimed to identify Mycobacterium infection among Iranian HIV positive patients. Two sputum specimens were collected from smear positive AIDS patients. Samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media for three weeks. DNA was extracted from two samples based on van Embden protocol. To identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, a PCR was conducted to amplify a 245 bp fragment of IS6110 element, followed by RD12 method to confirm PCR result. Whole DNARFLP with PvuII restriction enzyme was employed to genotype the cultured isolates. The results obtained by colonial morphology, PCR, and RD12 methods showed that both isolates were belonging to M. tuberculosis, and Genotyping of the isolates by RFLP technique displayed that two isolates were belonging to different strains of M. tuberculosis.

Objective Wheat is the most important cereal crops; it is a stable diet for more than one third of the world population. DNA markers play the most important role in diversity due to the relative ease in their generation and elimination of the influence of environment. The objective of this research were study of genetic diversity of bread wheat cultivars using RAPD markers and efficiency of these markers in grouping and distinguishing wheat cultivars based DNA fingerprint. Materials and methods In this study 42 wheat cultivar was evaluated with using 20 RAPD markers. The amplified fragment profiles were visually scored for presence (1) and absence (0) of bands and entered in a binary matrix. Results The results showed that, RAPD primers detected 132 fragments and 88 of them (66/67%) were polymorphic. The amplified DNA fragments varied in size from <100bp to 3000bp. The number of polymorphic fragments primer ranged from 2-7 with an average of 4/4. RAPD68 and RAPD28 each whit 7 polymorphic bands showed the highest amount of polymorphism. Primer RAPD68 were able to distinguish the cultivars omid and azadi, primer OPB08 cultivars Chenab. Sepahan, Salyasonez and primers TIBMBD17 and TIBMBB09 cultivar Atrac from other cultivars. Cluster analysis using Jaccard matrix and UPGMA method was performed, wheat genotype clustered in seven distinct groups, and the genetic similarity values ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. sistan and gasparo showed the most genetic similarity (94%). Atrac, Azadi and vrinac were clustered as outliers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) determined 1% inter group diversity and 99% intra group diversity for studied genotypes. Conclusions The results of this research showed that there was not genetic variation among bread wheat cultivars, that can be due to the low number of primers and cultivars under investigation. Suggested to use other primers such as SSR, which shows more diversity.